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Northern Plains Indian Tribes

Apsaroke / Crow Indian Tribe - - Arapaho Indian Tribe - - Blackfoot Indian Tribe - - Cheyenne Indians - - Goshute Indian Tribe - - Paiute Indians - - Pawnee Indians - - Shoshone Indians - - Sioux Indians - - Ute Indians

Apsaroke / Crow Indian Tribe

The Absaroke Indians of America __ "Better known as 'The Crow' Indians – an appellation given to them by the White Man, either derisively or as a mistaken translation of their Indian name that actually meant 'Sparrowhawk' or 'Bird People' - the Absaroke were originally part of the Hidatsa or Gros Ventre Tribe residing along the Missouri River in North Dakota." You will find a good overview of tribal history and culture. - From buzzle.com - http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/5-29-2004-54825.asp 

Apsaroke ___Three photos of notable chiefs from which you can get a look at men's traditional clothing and adornments. - No text - From unknown - http://members.liwest.at/reno/awtapsar.htm 

The Apasaroke ___Not a long article, but one which offers a look into the rivalry between two of the four warrior societies of the Crow people. - Text only - From Jeffrey Thomas - http://www.artengine.ca/ghost_dancing/frames/apsaroke.html

Crow ___Excerpt from a report by the Indian Congress in 1898. - Illustrated - From the Omaha Public Library - http://www.omaha.lib.ne.us/transmiss/congress/crow.html 

Crow Constitution & By Laws of the Crow Tribe of Indians __ "This is a copy of the Crow Constitution as proposed and approved Saturday, July 15, 2001, by a vote of 670-to-449." - From Little Big Horn College - http://lib.lbhc.cc.mt.us/about/government/2000.php

Crow Indians __ An overview of the Crow Indians and Crow mythology. - illustrated - From crystalinks.com - http://www.crystalinks.com/crow.html 

Crow Language and the Crow Indian Tribe __ You will find Crow language information and the culture, history and genealogy of the Crow Indians. - From native-languages.org - http://www.native-languages.org/crow.htm 

Crow Nation __ "The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Apsáalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone River valley and now live on a reservation south of Billings, Montana." An encyclopedic article with links to related materials. - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crow_tribe

The Crow - Skilled Horseman of Montana __ "The Crow, also called the Absaroka, Apsaroke, or Apsáalooke, their name was given them by the Hidatsa, and meant "people [or children] of the large-beaked bird." A brief overview of people and history. - illustrated - From legendsofamerica.com - http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-crow.html

Crow Tribe ___Demographics and contact information. - Tribal seal image - From the Crow Tribal Council - http://tlc.wtp.net/crow.htm 

Crow Visions ___The best way to access the information here is via the drop-down menu box. Topics include warfare, ceremonies and societies. - Illustrated - From Choo se, aka White Horse - http://www.angelfire.com/mt/manycoups/index.html 

Cultural Heritage of the Crow __ A general overview of the Crow nation with several links to additional material. - illustrated - From carleton.edu - http://serc.carleton.edu/research_education/nativelands/crow/culture.html

Facts for Kids: Crow Indians __ Many facts in the form of questions and answers. - From bigorrin.org - http://www.bigorrin.org/crow_kids.htm 

Hoop ___A 1908 photo of Hoop On The Forehead with a bit of information about his life. warrior life. Click on the word 'Apsaroke' in the title to pop open a smaller window with information about these people as concerns their rivalry in war. - Illustrated - From Jeffrey Thomas - http://www.artengine.ca/ghost_dancing/frames/Hoop1.html

Native American Tribe - Crow __ Learn how the Crow dupped the railroad in this tale from the Old West. - From frontiertrails.com - http://www.frontiertrails.com/oldwest/crow.html

Official Website of the Crow Tribe - Apsáalooke Nation Executive Branch __ "Crow Executive branch of the Apsaalooke Nation is located in the Crow Indian Reservation in the heart of Crow Country in Crow Agency, Montana, approximately 50 miles south of Billings, Montana." Find information about communities, population, Crow history, points of interest and more. - illustrated - From crowtribe.com - http://www.crowtribe.com/ 

Project Preserves Traditional Crow Site Names ___"Two years ago Old Coyote and 20 other Crow elders began working with Little Big Horn College general studies instructor Tim McCleary to document place names and chronicle the stories behind them." Find out about this project and why preserving the traditional Crow place names is important. - 1 map - From Carrie Moran McCleary -
http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues01/Co01132001/CO_01132001_Crow_Names.htm 

Welcome to Crow Country - Crow Tribe Overview ___Tribal facts and information about the Crow Fair, the buffalo, Crow history, clans and bead work. The 'Elders' section provides a gallery of enlargeable photos. - Illustrated - From unknown - http://www.angelfire.com/my/rabiddeputydawg/crowtribe.html

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Arapaho Indian Tribe

About the Arapaho Indians __ A general overview of the Arapaho. - From ehow.com - http://www.ehow.com/about_4567361_the-arapaho-indians.html

Arapaho  ___An overview of Arapaho history with emphasis on the battles and massacres during the Plains Wars. There is an image of an Arapaho Ghost Dancer shirt. Click on the letter 'D' to read a brief text description. - Illustrated - From Richard Alonzo - http://homepages.tesco.net/~richard.alonzo/Tribes/arapaho.htm

Arapaho ___Location, history, daily life and the Arapaho flag. - Text only -  From Emuseum -
http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/cultural/northamerica/arapaho.html

Arapaho __ An encyclopedic article with links to related materials. - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arapaho

Arapaho __ Definition and collection of encyclopedic articles about the Arapaho. - From Answers.com - http://www.answers.com/topic/arapaho    

The Arapaho Camp ___A gossipy history with a lot of interesting information about the Arapaho in Colorado as it related to the city of Denver. (There are 10 chapters in all, but just this one to which we link is pertinent to the Arapaho people.) - Text only - From Thomas J. Noel - http://www.denvergov.org/AboutDenver/history_narrative_1.asp 

The Arapaho - Great Buffalo Hunters of the Plains __ A good overview of the Arapho including information about the split into Northern and Southern groups, culture, daily life, ceremonies and more. - illustrated - From legendsofamerica.com - http://www.legendsofamerica.com/NA-Arapaho.html

Arapaho Indian History __ "According to the tradition of the Arapaho they were once a sedentary, agricultural people, living far to the northeast of their more recent habitat, apparently about the Red River Valley of northern Minnesota."  A brief overview plus a good assortment of links to other resources. - From accessgenealogy.com - http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/arapaho/arapahohist.htm

Arapaho Indians __ A general overview of the tribe and people. - From tagate.com - http://www.tagate.com/western/indians/arapaho_indians.shtml

Arapaho Lands ___A good history of the Arapaho, beginning with their creation story and ending in 1861. There is a link to relevant treaties. - Text only - From Ethel Taylor - http://rebelcherokee.labdiva.com/arapaho.html 

Arapaho Literature ___Four short legends from the Arapaho Nation. - Text only - From Glenn Welker - http://www.indians.org/welker/arapaho.htm

Arapaho Moccasins ___A description of these moccasins and instructions (with patterns) for making them. - Illustrated - From the Museum and Research Center of the American Mountain Men - http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/html/skchbk02.html 

The Arapaho Tribe ___A report from the 1898 Indian Congress in Omaha, Nebraska. - Illustrated - From the Omaha Public Library - http://www.omaha.lib.ne.us/transmiss/congress/arapaho.html

The Arapaho Tribe __ "The Araphoe are considered to be buffalo hunters of the plains but also have traditions of a time when they lived in the east and planted corn."  A brief overview. - From omahapubliclibrary.org - http://www.omahapubliclibrary.org/transmiss/congress/arapaho.html

Ethnologue: Arapaho ___Demographic information about the Arapaho language. - Text only - From Ethnologue: Languages of the World - http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ARP

Facts For Kids: Arapaho Indians ___Several questions and their answers are presented here in simple, straightforward language. Links within the text will take you to further information. A few Arapaho Indian photos with the text - illustrated - From Native Americans for Kids - http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/arapaho_kids.htm

History of the Northern Arapaho Tribe __ "The Arapaho Tribe apparently migrated into its historical homelands of Colorado and Wyoming from the northeast. Tribal history tells of a crossing of a great frozen river to the north sometime in the past, which likely may have been the Missouri." An outline of Arapaho history. - From colorado.edu - http://www.colorado.edu/csilw/arapahoproject/contemporary/history.htm

Imaging and Imagining the Ghost Dance ___"1890s photo documentary of the Arapaho Ghost Dance." - Illustrated - From James Mooney - http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visual5.html

Information on the Arapaho Indian Culture ___"Find out about the way of life, history, culture, heritage and current situation regarding the Arapaho Indian Nation." - Text only - From PageWise, Inc. - http://sc.essortment.com/arapahoindianw_rijy.htm 

Northern Arapaho Tribe ___Information about the people of the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming. The 'Current News and Information' contains such topics as history and location. - Illustrated - From the Northern Arapaho Tribe - http://www.northernarapaho.com/

Wind River Country : Northern Arapaho Tribe __ "The Northern Arapaho tribe of Wyoming is one of four groups of Arapaho who originally occupied the headwaters of the Arkansas and Platte Rivers in what is now northeastern Colorado."  An overview of the tribe and its history. - illustrated - From wind-river.org - http://www.wind-river.org/info/reservation/arapaho.php

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Blackfoot Indian Tribe

Blackfeet Indians ___As you'll read here, the relationship between Lewis and Clark's expedition did not get off to a very good start. - Text only - From PBS -
http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/idx_bla.html

Blackfeet/Blackfoot Indian Tribe Online Records __ You will find a brief introductory article and then many resources and links. - From accessgenealogy.com - http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/blackfeet/index.htm  
 
Blackfoot ___A summary of the political and social structure of the Blackfoot Indians. - Text only - From EthnoAtlas - http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7833 

Blackfoot __ "The independent and very successful warriors had a territory that stretched from the North Saskatchewan River along what is now Edmonton, Alberta in Canada, to the Yellowstone River of Montana in the United States, and from the Rocky Mountains and along the South Saskatchewan River, east past the Cypress Hills."  An encyclopedic article with links to related material. - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfoot 

Blackfoot Confederacy __ "The Blackfoot Confederacy consists of four different tribes, the Pikuni/Peigan, North Peigan Pikuni, Blood/Kainai, and Blackfoot/Siksika. Members of the Blackfoot Confederation presently live in Montana, the United States and Alberta, Canada." Learn about their history, culture and ceremonials. - illustrated - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/blackfoot.html

Blackfeet Indian Reservation __ "The Blackfeet Indian Reservation or Blackfeet Nation is an Indian reservation of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana in the United States. It is located east of Glacier National Park and borders Canada to the north."  An encyclopedic article with links to related material. - illustrated - From wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackfeet_Indian_Reservation

Blackfoot Indian Tribe __ A general overview of the Blackfoot tribe. - From kwintessential.co.uk - http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/articles/article/India/Blackfoot-Indian-Tribe/3394 

Blackfoot Indian Tribe, History, Culture __ A timeline of Blackfoot history along with some facts. - From allglacier.com - http://www.allglacier.com/area_info/blackfoot_tribe.php

Blackfoot Language __ You will find scanned-in Blackfoot language documents, including linguistic information, a Blackfoot story, and grammar. - From The Rosetta Project - http://www.rosettaproject.org:8080/live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=BLC 

Blackfoot Language and the Blackfoot Indian Tribe (Siksika, Pikuni, Piegan, Kainai, Blackfeet) __ Blackfoot, or Siksika, is an Algonquian language spoken by 8000 people in southern Alberta and northern Montana. The two main dialects are called Pikanii and Siksika Blackfoot. Many children are still learning Blackfoot, but the language is currently undergoing linguistic shift, with 'Old Blackfoot' being spoken by older generations and 'New Blackfoot' being spoken by younger ones." Learn more about the tribes making up the Blackfoot confederation including language history and more. - From Nativelanguages.org - http://www.native-languages.org/blackfoot.htm

Blackfoot/Piegan Literature ___Following the links to several stories of Blackfoot folklore, you'll find some general tribal information. - Text only - From Glenn Welker - http://www.indians.org/welker/blacfeet.htm 

Blackfoot Syllabary ____A syllabary is a writing system whose characters represent syllables. In the late 1800s, John William Tims devised the one you'll find on this page for advanced students. - Text only - From Omniglot - http://www.omniglot.com/writing/blackfoot.htm 

Black Foot Treaty ___Full text of this 1855 treaty. - Text only - From Emayzine - http://emayzine.com/lectures/blackfoottreaty.htm 

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Blackfoot Indians __ A good overview of the Blackfoot and related peoples. You will find history and links to related subjects. - From Catholic Encyclopedia - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02590d.htm

Constitution and By-Laws for the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet ... __ Full text in click-to-read sections or just scroll down the page. - From ou.edu - http://thorpe.ou.edu/constitution/blackfeet/bfcontTOC.html  

Facts For Kids: Blackfoot Indians (Blackfeet) ___Several questions and their answers are presented here in simple, straightforward language. Links within the text will take you to further information. - Text only - From Native Americans for Kids - http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/blackfoot_kids.htm 

Head-Smashed-In ___Information about a place which has been used by the Blackfoot people for thousands of years and is sacred to them. - Illustrated - From Emuseum - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/northamerica/headsmashedin.html 

The Marias Massacre ___Learn about this awful event in Piegan history. The webmaster points out it is no less important than any other massacre or battle during this time, but that it's been treated callously by historians. - Text only - From Jordan S. Dill - http://www.dickshovel.com/parts.html

Official Site of the Blackfoot Nation __ "We are members of the ancient line of Blackfoot people going back before time. We are the traditional believers in our ancient ways that were given to us by iits-tsi-pah-ta-pii-op - the Source of Life." You will find online Native Studies courses, history, and cultural information from a Blackfoot elder. - illustrated - By Chief Long Standing Bear - http://www.blackfoot.org/ 

Rare Artifact Almost Went Out With Trash ___Learn the amazing story of a bison robe that was almost lost in the garbage. - Illustrated - From Canku Ota - http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues01/Co01132001/CO_01132001_Buffalo_robe.htm

TMI Rinehart Thumbnails ___The photos you'll find here were taken in 1898. Click on any of them to see larger versions. Historic Blackfeet photos- Illustrated - From Omaha Public Library - http://www.omaha.lib.ne.us/transmiss/congress/gallery/inbl01.html

Treaty With The Blackfeet, October 17, 1855 __ Full text. - From accessgenealogy.com - http://www.accessgenealogy.com/scripts/data/database.cgi?file=Data&report=SingleArticle&ArticleID=0040149  

Welcome to Blackfeet Country ___Information about tribal government, departments and an excellent history and culture section. - Illustrated -  From the Blackfeet Nation of Montana - http://www.blackfeetnation.com/ 

Welcome to the Blood Tribe Web ___A well-organized website. Its many sections include history and departments and can be accessed from the links in the small frame to your left. You can also take a virtual tour of the community. - Illustrated - From the Blood Tribe Administration -
http://www.bloodtribe.org/ 

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Cheyenne Indians

Black Kettle ___The story of this great chief's life as a leader of his people. - Illustrated - From PBS - http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/blackkettle.htm 
 
Cheyenne ___"The following excerpts from the journals of Lewis and Clark and their men present a picture of the Cheyenne people as the Anglo-Americans saw them. The modern reader must be careful to understand that what these white men saw and recorded was not necessarily correct from the Indian perspective." - Text only - From the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior -
http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Cheyenne.htm 

Cheyenne __ "The Cheyenne Indians lived in the Great Plains area, east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the Mississippi River. Today they are settled in Montana and Oklahoma." Learn about history, culture and more. - From Minnesota State University - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/cheyenne.html 
 
Cheyenne Genealogy Research __ Today the tribe is divided into two bands. The Southern Cheyenne in Oklahoma and the Northern Cheyenne in Montana. Their research is primarily with the Northern band but they do have information about various families in the Southern band. Currently they have over 8,000 Cheyenne's in their data set. This data set covers over two hundred years of Cheyenne genealogy. - From Timothy D. Cook - http://www.cheyenneancestors.com/

Cheyenne Indian __ A growing website exploring the history and heritage of the Cheyenne Indian Tribes. - illustrated - From .cheyenneindian.com - http://www.cheyenneindian.com/

Cheyenne Indian History __ "The earliest authenticated habitat of the Cheyenne, before the year 1700, seems to have been that part of Minnesota bounded roughly by the Mississippi, Minnesota, and upper Red rivers."  A brief history. - From accessgenealogy.com - http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/cheyenne/cheyennehist.htm

Cheyenne Indians __ "The Cheyenne are north American Plains Indian people of Algonkian stock who inhabited the regions around the Platte and Arkansas rivers during the 19th century...Before 1700 the home of the Cheyenne was in central Minnesota, where they farmed, hunted, gathered wild rice, and made pottery." - illustrated - From Crystalinks - http://www.crystalinks.com/cheyenne.html

Cheyenne Indians __ "Cheyenne Indians, one of the most westerly tribes of the Algonquian nation. They were seated on the Cheyenne, a branch of the Red River of the North. Driven by the Sioux, they retreated beyond the Missouri. Near the close of the eighteenth century they were driven to or near the Black Hills (now in the Dakotas and Wyoming), where Lewis and Clarke found them in 1804, when they possessed horses and made plundering raids as far as New Mexico."  A general overview of the Cheyenne plus a great gallery of classic photos. - illustrated - From sonofthesouth.net - http://www.sonofthesouth.net/american-indians/cheyenne-indians.htm

Cheyenne Lands ___This history begins with the bare bones of the Cheyenne creation story. - Illustrated - From Ethel Taylor - http://rebelcherokee.labdiva.com/cheyenne.html 

Cheyenne Language and the Cheyenne Indian Tribe (Tsitsistas, Tsetsehestahese) __ "Cheyenne is an Algonquian language spoken by about 1500 people in Montana and central Oklahoma. It is related to Arapaho but has a much more complex phonology, with vowel devoicing and tones. Some children are still learning Cheyenne as a native language, but due to the small number of speakers there is fear that the language may die out if effort is not put into revitalizing it." - from Nativelanguages.org - http://www.native-languages.org/cheyenne.htm 

Cheyenne Literature ___Following the links to several stories of Cheyenne folklore you'll find a bit of tribal history. - Text only - From Glenn Welker - http://www.indians.org/welker/cheyenne.htm 

Cheyenne Names ___"Click on a link to see and hear Cheyenne names." Most have an English translation and an audio file. (WAV format) - Text only -  From Cheyenne Translation Project - http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/song/1147/names/names.htm

Cheyenne Picture Dictionary ___First choose a category; then select the image to here its Cheyenne word. (WAV format) Topics include birds, clothing and tools. - Illustrated - From the Cheyenne Language Web Site - http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/song/1147/cheypics.htm 

Chief Dull Knife College ___Learn about this tribal college, located on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation, in southeastern Montana. - Text only - From Chief Dull Knife College - http://www.cdkc.edu/ 

Chief Wolf Robe ___A brief history of the Cheyenne people is accompanied by a photograph of Wolf Robe, who just might be the Native American whose image appears on the U.S. Indian Head nickel. - Illustrated - From Glenn Welker - http://www.indigenouspeople.net/wolfrobe.htm 

Dull Knife ___"The life of Dull Knife, the Cheyenne, is a true hero tale. Simple, child-like yet manful, and devoid of selfish aims, or love of gain, he is a pattern for heroes of any race." this is his story as related by Ohiyesa (Charles A. Eastman). - Text only - From Glenn Welker -
http://www.indians.org/welker/dullknif.htm 

Ethnologue: Cheyenne ___Demographic information about the Cheyenne language,. - text only From Ethnologue - http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=CHY

Facts For Kids: Cheyenne Indians (Cheyennes) ___Several questions and their answers are presented here in simple, straightforward language. Links within the text will take you to further information. - Text only - From Native Americans for Kids -
http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/cheyenne_kids.htm 

Genocide on the Great Plains __ "On the morning of November 28, 1864, troops commanded by Colonel John M. Chivington attacked a band of Plains Indians of the Cheyenne tribe under Chief Black Kettle while the Indian village was camped on Sand Creek in Colorado Territory. The camp was just outside a reservation established in 1861 by the treaty of Fort Wise. Two months earlier on September 28, 1864, Black Kettle and White Antelope had met with Colorado Governor John Evans and Colonel Chivington at Camp Weld near Denver to discuss peace. While no formal peace arrangement had been made, the Indians had turned in their arms at Fort Lyon, camping along Sand Creek." You can read the whole story here. - By James Horsley - http://www.dickshovel.com/was.html 

My Experience with the Cheyenne Indians ___"Address by Henry C. Keeling, of Caldwell, Kansas, before the thirty fourth annual meeting of the Kansas State Historical Society, December 7, 1909." - Illustrated - From the Kansas State Historical Society - 
http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v003/v003p059.html

Tichkematse: A Cheyenne at the Smithsonian ___"A fascinating early employee of the Smithsonian Institution was Tichkematse (Squint Eyes), a Cheyenne Indian who worked for the institution in a variety of capacities between 1879 and 1881." This is his story. - Illustrated - From National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution - http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/squint_eyes/squint_eyes.htm 

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Goshute Indian Tribe

goshchrtr __ "Whereas, the Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation is a recognized Indian tribe organized under a Constitution and By-laws ratified by the Tribes on November 9, 1940, and approved by the Secretary of the Interior on November 25, 1940, pursuant to Section 16 of the Act of June 18,1934 (48 Stat. 984), as amended by the Act of June 15, 1935 (49 Stat. 378); and ..." Text of the Corporate Charter of the Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Utah. - From ou.edu - http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/goshchrtr.html 

Goshute __ General information about the Goshute including jurisdictions, tribal membership numbers, land area, court system and more. - From utah.gov - http://indian.utah.gov/utah_tribes_today/goshute.html 

Goshute __ "The Goshutes are a Native American tribe that once numbered 20,000. Only 500 remain." an encyclopedic article with links to additional material. - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goshute 

Goshute Indians __ "The Goshute Indians are part of the larger Shoshonean-speaking Native American groups that live in the Intermountain West." An overview of Goshute history and culture. - From historytogo.utah.gov - http://historytogo.utah.gov/utah_chapters/american_indians/goshuteindians.html 

Goshute Native American Tribe Turns to Nuclear Waste __ Learn about the nuclear waste controversy and the Goshute Indians. "Now the tiny Skull Valley Band of Goshutes has agreed to turn its reservation into one of the country's largest nuclear waste dumps." - From mindfully.org - http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/Goshute-Tribe-Nuc-Waste.htm 

Resources on the Goshute __ Many online resources for Goshute Indians. Since there are also resources for other tribes, you may have to dig them out a bit, but they are there. - From mongabay.com - http://www.mongabay.com/indigenous_ethnicities/north_american/Goshute.html

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Paiute Indians

Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe ___Sections include government, programs and general information about the tribe. - Illustrated - From the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe - http://www.fpst.org/ 

History of the Paiute Indians of Utah ___Exactly as the title says. - Text only - From the Utah History Encyclopedia - http://www.onlineutah.com/paiutehistory.shtml 
 
Indian Burial Site Looting ___"This is a news article which reports the desecration and looting of what is most likely a Paiute burial site." - Text only - From The People's Paths - http://www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net/news/g-robber.htm 

Las Vegas Paiute Tribe __ Official site of the Las Vegas Paiutes. - From lvpaiutetribe.com - http://www.lvpaiutetribe.com/ 

Northern Paiute Duck Decoys ___Unfortunately, no images accompany this brief article about Paiute duck decoys. - Text only - From Native Nevada Classroom - http://www.unr.edu/nnap/NT/np-5.htm 

Paiute Baskets ___"Please click on small thumbnail photos below to "super-size" images which should open in a new window. Simply close large photo/ new window to return." - Illustrated - From Len Wood's Indian Territory Gallery - http://www.indianterritory.com/pages/paiuteindianbaskets.htm 

Paiute ___Location, history, language and daily life. - Text only - From Emuseum -
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/paiute.html 

Paiute Creation and Origin Legends ___As the title says. - Text only - From Indian Dick. Recorded in 1936 - http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/paiute.html 

Paiute Indians - Ghost Dancers ___History and lifestyle, plus current demographics for this people. Also find extremely interesting information about the Ghost Dance. - Illustrated - From Crystalinks - http://www.crystalinks.com/paiute.html

Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah __ Official website of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah.  You will find history, culture, events and much more. - illustrated - From utahpaiutes.org - http://www.utahpaiutes.org/

Paiute Indian War ___"Only once in the history of the Pony Express did the mail not go through." Learn why here. - Text only - From the Pony Express Home Station - http://www.xphomestation.com/paiutewar.html 

Paiute Native Americans of the Great Basin Desert ___A brief overview about who the Paiute are and where they live. - Text only - From DesertUSA - http://www.desertusa.com/ind1/du_peo_paiute.html

Paiute people __ An encyclopedic article with links to related material. - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paiute_people  

Paiute Profile ___A brief article about traditional Paiute fishing practices. - Text only - From the Center For Columbia River History Home Page - http://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/profile/paiute.htm 

People of the Colorado Plateau-The Southern Paiute ___A long bibliography follows this history and culture overview. - Text only - From CP-LUHNA - http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/southern_paiute.htm

Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe ___Current information about this tribe can be found here on its official website. Learn about departments and available services and programmes. - From the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe - - Text only - From the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe - http://plpt.nsn.us/ 

San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe ___Basic current information. - Text only -  From Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada - http://www.itcaonline.com/tribes_sanjuan.html

Sarah Winnemucca ___Biography. - Text only - From Library of Congress Today in History: October 14 - http://www.fact-index.com/s/sa/sarah_winnemucca.html 

Societies: North America: Basin and California Tribes: Paiute ___Content more comfortable for mature students. Information about sex and childbirth practices among the Paiute people. - Text only - From Sex Education Links - http://www.bigeye.com/sexeducation/paiute.html 

Southern Paiute Table of Contents ___Lots of sections, but only four of them have any content - Summer, Winter, Fall and Pottery. These pages aren't big but might be useful to fill in some blanks for your research. - Text only -  From Native Nevada Classroom - http://www.unr.edu/nnap/NT/sp-1.htm

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Pawnee Indians

Dr. Thomas Kavanagh Reading Pawnee Pictures ___"You can view several vintage photos of Pawnee people, including some notable chiefs. To be sure you take note of all the information to be found in them, the webmaster has provided detailed text descriptions for each." - Illustrated - From William Hammond Mathers Museum - http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/phothana.html 

Facts for Kids: Pawnee Indians __ "Information about the Pawnee Indians for students and teachers. Covers food, homes, arts and crafts, weapons, culture, and daily life of the Pawnees." - From bigorrin.org - http://www.bigorrin.org/pawnee_kids.htm 

Pawnee ___This summary address Pawnee history, society and political organization. - Text only - From EthnoAtlas - http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7864

Pawnee __ An encyclopedic article with lonks to related material - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawnee

Pawnee ___Encyclopedic entry about this Nation and its people's history. - Text only - From Fact Monster - http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/society/A0837937.html 

Pawnee Earth Lodge ___This isn't a big page, but it contains three photos of what you will see should you make a real life visit to this museum to learn about the Pawnee people. - Illustrated - From the Stuhr Museum of the Prairie Pioneer - http://www.stuhrmuseum.org/tourlodge.htm 

The Pawnee Indians ___Customs, culture and history. - Text only - From PageWise, Inc. -
http://la.essortment.com/pawneeindianna_rfjj.htm 

Pawnee Indian Tribe ___History, culture and religion. - Text only - From AccessGenealogy.com - http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/pawnee/pawneehist.htm

Pawnee Indian Tribe ___A history of pre-Kansas Pawnees, with some firsthand accounts. - Text only - From Kansas Genealogy - http://www.kansasgenealogy.com/indians/pawnee_indian_tribe.htm

The Pawnee Indian Tribe - Farmers on the Plains __ "Descended from Caddoan linguistic stock, the Pawnee were unlike most of the Plains Indians as their villages tended to be permanent."  A brief overview - illustrated - From legendsofamerica.com - http://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-pawnee.html

Pawnee Language and the Pawnee Indian Tribe __ "Pawnee is a Caddoan language of the Great Plains, spoken by fewer than a hundred native people in Oklahoma. Though the language has been in decline, today some young Pawnees are trying to revive their ancestral language again."  Resources for Pawnee language. - From native-languages.org - http://www.native-languages.org/pawnee.htm  

Pawnee Literature ___A brief history accompanies two traditional Pawnee stories. - Text only - From Glenn Welker - http://www.indians.org/welker/pawnee.htm

Pawnee Nation ___"This site was established to inform you of the Pawnee Nations Tribal program and services that are offered. The site also informs you of the progress of the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma and may inform you of any upcoming events or recent events or any building developments." - Text only - From the Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma - http://www.pawneenation.org/ 

The Pawnee Tribe During the Historic Era in Nebraska ___Culture and history of the Pawnee in Nebraska. - Illustrated - From NebraskaStudies.org -
http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/stories/0301_0107.html 

Pawnee Village ___This is a transcript of a TV show regarding the exhibits of the Pawnee Indian Village Museum - From KTWU/Channel 11 - http://ktwu.washburn.edu/journeys/scripts/802a.html 

The Pike-Pawnee Flag Incident: Reexamining a Vexillological Legend ___Firsthand accounts fill out this legend.' - 1 photo - From Anne M. Platoff -
http://aplatoff.home.mindspring.com/flags/pikepawnee.html

Plains Indian and the Wolf: The Pawnee ___Deals with Pawnee identification with the wolf. - Text only - From Wolf Song of Alaska - http://www.wolfsongalaska.org/plains_indian.html 

Society-PAWNEE ___This summary provides a look at the political and social structure of the Pawnee and includes a paragraph about the 10 men's societies. - Text only - From EthnoAtlas - http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7864 

Villasur Sent to Nebraska ___This article addresses the conflict between the Spanish and French in what is now the state of Nevada. Click on 'MORE' to learn about the role of the Pawnee Nation in an important battle in American history. - Text only - From NebraskaStudies.org -
http://www.nebraskastudies.org/0300/stories/0301_0113.html

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Shoshone Indians

Bear River Massacre ___"Approximately 250 Shoshoni were slain, including 90 women and children." A short article, but it recounts the events of this little-known massacre. - Text only - From OnlineUtah.com - http://www.onlineutah.com/bearrivermassacre.shtml 

Eastern Shoshone Tribe ___These people live on the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming. Learn about them -- history, culture and schools. - Illustrated - From the Eastern Shoshone Tribe - http://www.easternshoshone.net/ 

History of Shoshone Indians ___As the title says, this is a history of the Shoshone in Utah. The article deals with the Northwestern bands. - Text only - From the Utah History Encyclopedia - http://www.onlineutah.com/shoshonehistory.shtml 

How To Kill a Nation ___"The focus of this page is on the "environmental destruction exemplified by open pit mining, atomic testing, storage of nuclear waste, all forms of military testing and the pollution of the ground, air and water" on Western Shoshone lands. Images include a photo of a mine, a map, and drawings of both the symbol and the seal of the Western Shoshone Nation." - Illustrated - From the People of the Western Shoshone Nation -
http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shoshone/pamphlet.html 

Lewis and Clark . Native Americans . Shoshone Indians | PBS ___A history of the Shoshone's first contact with white men, who happened to be with the Lewis and Clark expedition. - 1 image - From PBS - http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/native/sho.html 

Shoshone Indians of Utah ___Click on the links to access information about the Shoshone tribes throughout the present-day state of Utah. - Illustrated - From OnlineUtah.com - http://www.onlineutah.com/shoshone.shtml 

Shoshone - Bannock Tribes, Sho-Ban, Fort Hall Indian Reservation ... ___History, lifestyles, a business directory and other useful information about these people. - Illustrated - From the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes - http://www.shoshonebannocktribes.com/

Shoshone Indians ___"...excerpts from the journals of Lewis and Clark and their men present a picture of the Lemhi Shoshone as the Anglo-Americans saw them." - Text only - From the National Park Service, United States Department of the Interior - http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Shoshone.htm 

Shoshoni ___A brief article full of grammatical errors. Would make a good combination lesson for Natives Studies and grammar. - Text only - From Emuseum -
http://emuseum.mnsu.edu/cultural/northamerica/shoshoni.html 

Shoshoni Homepage ___Language resources and news magazines. - Text only -  From the Shoshoni Language Project - http://www.isu.edu/~loetchri/ 

Shoshoni Numbers ___Boy, these numbers are long! Imagine a bingo game called in the Shoshoni language! Unfortunately there are only words, no audio. - Text only - From the Shoshoni Language Home Page - http://www.isu.edu/~loetchri/numbers.htm

Western Shoshone ___A dated site which failed to live up to its promise. Several topics are listed, but only five pages have any content. - Text only - From the University of Nevada - http://www.unr.edu/nnap/NT/ws-1.htm 

Western Shoshone Land and Sovereignty ___Links to information about nuclear testing on Shoshone lands. Adobe Acrobat is required to view PDF files. - Illustrated (including a QuickTime movie) - From Peter d'Errico - http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shoshone/ 

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Sioux Indians

1815 Treaty with the Blackfeet Sioux __ You will find the full text. - From Dakota-Lakota-Nakota Human Rights Advocacy Coalition - http://www.dlncoalition.org/dln_nation/1865_blackfeet_treaty.htm

American Indian Culture Research Center of the Dakotas ___Links to culture, spirituality, myths and more for the Lakota/Dakota nations and other peoples. - Text only - From the American Indian Culture Research Center - http://www.bluecloud.org/dakota.html

Battle of the Little Bighorn, 1876 ___First read the historic account of this important battle, then check out the report that follows. It was an interview given by a U.S. army scout with the Seventh Cavalry, George Herendon, who rode with Major Reno's command. - Illustrated - From EyeWitness to History - http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/custer.htm

Camping with the Sioux: Fieldwork Diary of Alice Cunningham Fletcher ___"This exhibit, sponsored by the National Anthropological Archives of the Smithsonian Institution, provides a copy of Fletcher's field journal written during a visit to some Omaha, Ponca and Lakota camps in September and October 1881. The site also provides photographs of the participants, sketches by Fletcher, and a bibliography and links to related sites." - Illustrated - From the National Anthropological Archives - http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fletcher/fletcher.htm 

Constitution and Bylaws of the Lower Sioux Indian Community in Minnesota __ Full text of the Constitution and Bylaws of the Lower Sioux Community as approved in 1936. - From University of Oklahoma Law Library - http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/minnsiouxcons.html

Dakota Exile ___This is the companion website to a television documentary by the same name. There are two pages of stills from the show and a history timeline. - illustrated - From Twin Cities Public Television, Inc. - http://www.ktca.org/dakota/

Dakota Tamakoce Singers ___A large library of traditional Dakota songs, plus information about Dakota culture and music. RealOne Player is required for the sound files. - Illustrated - From Richard Becker and Dakota Tamakoce Singers - http://drumhop.com/ 

Decline and Fall of the Sioux Nation ___Here's a depressing account of the Sioux Nation's fate in the last half of the nineteenth century. - Text only - From Richard Harter - http://home.tiac.net/~cri/1998/sioux.html

Ethnologue Report For Language DHG ___DHG is the code for the Dakota language. Learn its "alternate names, number of speakers, location, dialects, linguistic affiliation, multilingualism of speakers, availability of the Bible, and other demographic and sociolinguistic information..." - Text only - From Ethnologue - http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=DHG 

Games of Teton Dakota Children ___"This work describes a wide variety of games used by the Lakota. The games are classifed according to the age and genders of the participants." - Text only - From Rev. Raymond A. Bucko, S.J. of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Creighton University -
http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/publications/dorsey/games_of_teton_dakota_children.htm 

Imaging and Imagining the Ghost Dance ___James Mooney's report describing the Ghost Dance during the years 1891-93. - Illustrated - From Thomas W. Kavanagh, Curator of Collections Mathers Museum, Indiana University - http://php.indiana.edu/~tkavanag/visualb.html

Lakota Astronomy ___Topics include vision quests, Medicine Wheels and "the Fallen Star." - Illustrated - From Paula Giese - http://www.kstrom.net/isk/stars/starmenu.html 

Lakota/Nakota/Dakota ___"The names the people we call Sioux have for themselves are the Lakota, Nakota or Dakota..." Learn the distinctions between the three names here. - Text only - From Karen Strom - http://www.hanksville.org/daniel/lakota/Lakota.html 

Lakota Plants Page 01 ___"This electronic edition of Lakota Names and Traditional Uses of Lakota Plants by Sicangu (Brule) People, in the Rosebud Area, South Dakota: A Study Based on Fr. Eugene Buechel's Collection of Plants of Rosebud around 1920, by Dilwyn R Roges is reproduced with permission of the Rosebud Educational Society, Inc. who retain copyright." Click on the arrows to move forward. For advanced students. - Text only - From the Rosebud Educational Society, Inc. - http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/publications/buechel/plants/buechel_plant_01.html 

Lakota Symbolism ___There are three sections here. Under each section link you an see what its topics are. A click on any highlighted word or phrase takes you to further information about the topic at hand. - Text only -  From Lakota Rites, Ceremonies and Symbolism - http://www.elexion.com/lakota/rites/main2.html 

Massacre at Wounded Knee ___"This page provides historical background, a primary source account of the massacre, as well as a map of the massacre itself and photographs." - Illustrated - From EyeWitness to History - http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/knee.htm 

Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska __ Official site of the Santee Tribe of Nebraska. You will find history, current events, points of interest, information about tribal leadership and a lot more. - illustrated - from Santee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska - http://www.santeedakota.org/ 
 
Sioux Heritage ___"Within this site you will discover outlets for speaking, studying and discussing the Lakhota Language as well as communities involving Lakhota History, Spirituality, Communication, Music, Art and Traditions." - Text only - From Lakhota.Com - http://www.lakhota.com/ 

Sioux Indians ___Location, name and affiliation, population, language and history are covered here in this online version of a 1912 encyclopedic article. Highlighted words lead to further information about the topic at hand.- Text only - From the Catholic Encyclopedia - http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14017a.htm

Sioux Nation - Lakota - Dakota - Nakota __ An excellent page about many aspects of the Sioux Nation. You will learn about how each "nation" is sub-divided into bands, their history and culture, where they live and find a good timeline of important dates in Sioux history. - illustrated - From Crystalinks - http://www.crystalinks.com/sioux.html

Sota Iya Ye Yapi ___"The website of the weekly newspaper of the Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate (People) of the Lake Traverse Reservation." There is an excellent history and culture article. - Illustrated - From the Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe - http://www.earthskyweb.com/sota.html 

South Dakota Indian Tribes ___Links to information about the eight Sioux reservations in South Dakota. - 1 map - From Paula Giese - http://www.kstrom.net/isk/maps/dakotas/sd.html

Spirit Lake Nation __ Official website of the Spirit Lake Nation. "The Spirit Lake Nation reservation was established by Treaty between the United States Government and the Sisseton Wahpeton Sioux Bands in 1867. the Reservation is located in East Central North Dakota. According to BIA Labor Force report as of 1998 there were 5,086 enrolled members of the Spirit Lake Tribe. - illustrated - From Spirit Lake Nation - http://www.spiritlakenation.com/

Standing Rock Sioux Tribe __ Official website of the Standing Rock Sioux. "The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe encompasses the bands of Hunkpapa and Black Feet of the Lakota Nation, and Hunkpatinas and Cuthead bands of the Yanktonias of the Dakota Nation. The Lakota Nation or Great Sioux Nation include Oglala, Brule, Minnecoujou, Hunpapa, Black Feet, Without Bows and Two Kettle. The Lakota Nation is a alliance called "Oceti Sakowin" or "Seven Council Fires..." - illustrated - From Standing Rock Nation - http://www.standingrock.org/

Treaties ___"This is a collection of treaties between the United States Government and Dakota and Lakota peoples. These treaties were compiled and edited in 1904 by Charles J. Kappler, LL.M., Clerk to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and published under the title: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, (Volume II), Washington, Government Printing Office." - Text only - From Rev. Raymond A. Bucko, S.J. of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Creighton University - http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/index_treaties.html 

Unit Six: Woskate ___"This is a collection of descriptions of various Lakota games based on previously published literature on the subject as well as information gathered from local Lakota scholars, particularly Max Blacksmith of Oglala, South Dakota. The book is designed for teaching Lakota culture on the reservation and contains Lakota terms for each of the games." - Text only - From Rev. Raymond A. Bucko, S.J. of the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Creighton University - http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/publications/onefeather/woskate.html

Wounded Knee Site Index ___A look at the battle of Wounded Knee in the form of reports from various sources. You could be here quite awhile if you intend to read everything that's offered, including the Wizard of Oz connection. This is definitely a pro-Native website. - Text only - From Jordan S. Dill - http://www.dickshovel.com/WKmasscre.html 

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Ute Indians

About the Ute Indians __ "The Ute Indians are a Native American tribe of the western United States. It was from the Utes that the state of Utah derived its name."  An introductory overview of the Utes. - From ehow.com - http://www.ehow.com/about_4566083_the-ute-indians.html

Chief Ouray: Southern Ute Indian Tribe ___"He was a man of peace at a time of war between Indians and whites." Read a brief biography here. - Text only - From the Southern Ute Indian Tribe - http://www.southern-ute.nsn.us/history/ouray.html 

Facts for Kids: Ute Indians __ "Information about the Ute Indians for students and teachers. Covers food, homes, arts and crafts, weapons, culture, and daily life of the Utes." - From bigorrin.org - http://www.bigorrin.org/ute_kids.htm 

Meeker Colorado and White River Valley ___Ute location, history and general information. - Text only - From Meeker Colorado - http://www.meekercolorado.com/northernutes.htm
 
Mountain Ute History ___Maps and a vintage photo accompany the text on this page which overviews Ute history. - Illustrated - From the Mountain Studies Institute - http://www.mountainstudies.org/DataBank/History/Towns/UteMountainUtes.htm

The Official Web Site of the Ute Indian Tribe __ "The Utes have a tribal membership of 3,157 and over half of its membership lives on the Reservation. They operate their own tribal government and oversee approximately 1.3 million acres of trust land."  Official sitee. - illustrated - From utetribe.com - http://www.utetribe.com/  

People of the Colorado Plateau-The Ute Indians ___Some history and current circumstances. - Text only - From CP-LUHNA - http://www.cpluhna.nau.edu/People/ute_indians.htm

A picture of life on the Fort Duchesne reservation in Roosevelt, Utah __ "The Ute Indians of North Western Utah are the least-educated, poorest citizens in Utah. Most live off Government assistance and the dropout rate among their children is ninety-percent. This fact has caused them to be the poorest group of citizens in Utah."  Article and film review. - From utahstories.com - http://www.utahstories.com/utes.htm

Southern Ute Indian Tribe ___Information about Ute history and culture, including traditional dances. - Illustrated - From the Southern Ute Indian Tribe - http://www.southern-ute.nsn.us/

Ute ___Includes information about the Southern Utes, Ute Mountain Utes, Bear Dance and Sundance. - Text only - From Four Corners Post Card site - http://www.ausbcomp.com/redman/ute.htm

Ute Indian __ Culture, history and folklore. The site also features a discussion board and a list of resources. - From uteindian.com - http://www.uteindian.com/

Ute Indians __ "The Mormons or "Mermen" as the Weenoochew (Old People) called them, came into Utah and settled in the Wasatch Valley in the 1840’s. At first they wanted to convert the Utes. Their "Book of Mormon" says, the "Lamanites" (dark skinned People) are the Chosen People. Some Noochew accepted the Mormon religion and became farmers, other Noochew resisted." A brief overview of modern Ute history and an annotated gallery of classic vintage photos. - illustrated - From prospector-utah.com - http://www.prospector-utah.com/ute-indians.htm

Ute Language and the Ute Indian Tribe (Southern Paiute) __ "Southern Paiute is a Uto-Aztecan language of the Western Plateau. It is spoken natively by more than 1500 people in Utah, Nevada, Colorado, and Arizona. "  Ute language resources. - From native-languages.org - http://www.native-languages.org/ute.htm

Ute Mountain Ute Tribe ___This website offers "a glimpse of the colorful past and the dynamic present and future of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe." - Illustrated - From the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe - http://www.utemountainute.com/

Ute people __  You will find an encyclopedic article with links to related material. - illustrated - From wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ute_people  

Ute Tribe Business Partnership Approved ___In 2002 the U.S. government approved a partnership between the Southern Ute Indian Tribe and the "Trident Exploration Corporation for the development of the Canadian company's natural gas leases in Alberta." - Text only - From USDOI/Darling -
http://www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net/News2002/0206/BIA020628UteBusiness.htm

Utes __ "The Ute people came from the north to become the oldest residents of Colorado. They occupied Utah, Colorado and New Mexico." General look at Ute history, culture and people. - From mnsu.edu - http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/utes.html 

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